Henry haywakd



H HAYWARD Paper and Process of Making the Same.

Patented lApril 20, 1880'.

N- PETERS. PMOTO-UTHOGRAP 1Em WA$HINGTON. D C.

UNITED STATE- s- PATnN-T OFFICE,

HENRY HAYl/VARD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PAPERAND PROCESS O;F"MAK|N'GTHE SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 226,660, dated April 20, 1880, Application filed September 30, 1879.

To all lwhom it may concern:

Beit known that I, HENRY HAYWARD, of' New York, in the county of' New York and State of New York, have invented certain Improvements in Paper and Processes of Making the Same, of which the following is a specification. Y

rllhe object of my invention is to provide a paper which shall have great tensile strength in all directions and great flexibility combined with lightness; and to this end the invention consists in a sheet composed of paper-stock having a continuous web of long andy strong fiber incorporated in its interior, and, second, in the method or process of manufacturing the same, consisting' in first passing from suitable apparatus a sheet of paper-pulp, then passing from a carding or equivalent machine a continuous web of fiber tangled, crossed, and knotted together, and delivering the same into and upon the paper sheet; and, finally, delivering a layer of pulp upon the fiber, suitable suction, pressurlc, being applied to cause a permanent and firm union or felting together of the whole in such manner as to render the same one inseparable body orsheet.

Hitherto various attempts have, I am aware, been made to combine fibrous material with paper, and among other plans attempted was that of cutting or chopping the fiber into short lengths and incorporating the same with the body of the pulp; also, that woven fabrics and prepared sheets of various kinds have been introduced between two sheets of paper and the three caused to adhere to each other 5 also, that fiber has been applied to the outside surface of a paper sheet, and that straight continuous lines of ber-threads have been introduced into a paper sheet, as in the patent hitherto granted to me, and I make no claim in this patent to said methods or either of' them.

Referring' to the drawings, Figure l represents a sectional elevation of one form of apparatusfor carrying out my process Figs. 2 and 3, views showing the ber as it appears in its original state and after passing the carding-machine,readyfor introduction to the paper; Fig. et, a sectional view ofthe sheet.

The apparatus used may be of any suitable character or construction, provided it is adapted to carry out my method; but that represented inthe drawings is believed to be the best that can be employed.

A represents the vat ,containing the paperpulp, and B a box or receiver, which receives pulp from the vat and discharges the same upon the endless wire apron of a Fourdrinier or other similar paper-machine, which may be in this regard of the ordinary and well-known construction.

D represents the slice regulating the thickness of the sheet upon the wire, as usual.

E represents an endless feeding-apron, extending' from the endless wire at a point in front of the slice upward to a carding or picking machine, H, which should be of the well-known Parkhurst pattern, or of' a similar character, adapted to cleanse and discn tangle the fiber, split the same, if coarse, into exceedingly fine shreds, and finally deliver the same in a thin continuous web or sheet with the fibers crossed, tangled, and interlocked, as shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings.

It is particularly important that the fiber, whether hemp, jute, or other material, shall be finely divided, that it be well locked together, and that the sheet or film be comparatively thin. The sheet of pulp from the vat passes forward beneath the slice and the lower end of' the apron, and receives upon its upper surface the sheet or net ofl ber from the apron, which latter is so timed as to deliver" the fiber at precisely the same spe-ed as that at which the wire travels, so that the fiber is delivered quietly and smoothly into or upon the pulp without disarranging the same or destroying its contin nity. Before the fiber leaves the carrier-belt E, or at the instant of its doing so, itis moistened with water or other suitable duid by a roll, I, located beneath a water-trough. By thus dampening the fiber itis caused to unite more readily and firmly with the pulp. The sheet of pulp, with the ber thereon, passes forward on the wireO, beneath the vat or trough J, which delivers a flow o1" layer of paper-pulp upon the fiber, with which and the bottom layer itV readily unites. rlhe advance of the wire carries the compound sheet over the usual suction-chamber K, which removes the surplus moisture, and beneath the dandy-roll L, and finally delivers it to the felts.

By the above process the fiber is delivered IOO between the two layers of pulp and the three united in one continuous indivisible sheet, which possesses great durability, strength, land exibility. A sheet stron ger than the ordinary paper can be produced with one-fourth less stock, and the expense of grinding` and pulping the central fibrous portion is avoided.

The central ber may be ot' any suitable kind, but, like the fiber of which the pulp is made, should be as long as possible.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. As a new article of manufacture, theimproved paper consisting of two external paper surfaces and a continuous central film or sheet of ber crossed and tangled indiscriminately together, the whole being united in one solid indivisible sheet, as described and shown.

2. The herein-described method ot' manufacturing paper, consisting' in producing a sheet or layer ot' pulp, applying a continuous Webbing of crossed and tangled ber thereon, and inally applying a second layer or iilm of pulp upon the ber and uniting the whole in one sheet, as described.

3. The herein-described improvement in the art of manufacturing paper, consisting in introducing between two sheets or layers of pulp a continuous web or. net-Work composed of fiber crossed and entangled, as described and 3o shown.

HENRY HAYWARD.

itnessesz G. W. H. ZEGLIO, AsHER It. M oRGAN. 

